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The Cleveland Hills are a range of hills on the north-west edge of the North York Moors in , England, overlooking Cleveland and . They lie entirely within the boundaries of the North York Moors National Park. Part of the long runs along the hills, and they are also crossed by a section of Wainwright's Coast to Coast Walk. The hills, which rise abruptly from the flat to the north, include distinctive landmarks such as the cone-shaped peak of Roseberry Topping, near the village of – childhood home of Captain James Cook.


Geology
The hills are formed by multiple stacked layers of age . The scarp rises above the low ground to the north and west formed by the of the Redcar Mudstone Formation, though largely buried beneath glacial from the last ice age. The same formation also provides the lowermost slopes of the scarp. The full sequence, presented in , i.e. youngest/uppermost at top is:

  • ()
    • Scalby Formation (including the Long Nab and Moor Grit 'members')
    • Scarborough Formation
    • Cloughton Formation
    • Eller Beck Formation
    • Saltwick Formation
    • Dogger Formation
  • ()
    • Whitby Mudstone Formation (including the Mulgrave Shale Member)
    • Cleveland Ironstone Formation
    • Staithes Sandstone Formation
    • Redcar Mudstone Formation

Most of these formations are various combinations of , mudstone and though a couple also contain and the Cleveland Ironstone and Eller Beck formations include , the former having been exploited for the ironworking industry in former times. The surface is largely formed by the sandstones of the Saltwick and Cloughton formations whilst the summit of Roseberry Topping is an outlier of the Saltwick Formation separated from the main Cleveland Hills range by erosion.

The cuts through the hills forming the and Cliff Ridge just south of Roseberry Topping where Cliff Rigg Quarry has exploited this age for use as roadstone.

Glaciofluvial deposits are scattered around the margins of the hills, notably in Kildale whilst has accumulated on the plateau surface in some areas. are common in the Lias Group rocks along the scarp face in the west and in Raisdale to the south.


History

Early man
There are a number of and scattered throughout the Cleveland Hills and North York Moors, dating back to the , as well as many that are of varied ages, some of which are relatively modern. Hundreds of arrowheads have been discovered during excavations in the hills and dated to the and periods, indication of an active population in prehistoric times across the region.


Stone circles in the Cleveland Hills
  • Tripsdale "Bride Stones"
  • Thimbleby "Nine Stones"


Mining and industry
In 1850 was discovered by John Marley of in the , outliers of the Cleveland Hills, leading to mining on a large scale and the rapid growth of nearby . By the 1870s industry would be producing steel in vast amounts, and mining for coal, , jet, cement stone concretions, shale and from the hills, as well as employing sandstone and limestone quarries to gather raw materials. Many of the mines and quarries are still evident today.


Hill data
The following heights are some of the highest or most notable in the range.
(Round Hill) 454 m1,490 ft
432 m1,417 ft
408 m1,339 ft
Cold Moor 402 m1,319 ft
398 m1,306 ft
Tidy Brown Hill 396 m1,299 ft
Bilsdale West Moor 395 m1,296 ft
Warren Moor 335 m1,099 ft
328 m1,076 ft
324 m1,063 ft
Park Nab 324 m1,063 ft
Roseberry Topping 320 m1,050 ft
Live Moor 315 m1,033 ft
Highcliff Nab 310 m1,017 ft
Codhill Heights 296 m971 ft
242 m794 ft


Towns and villages in the Cleveland Hills
There are numerous towns and villages on, or in the vicinity of, the Cleveland Hills including the following:


Interesting places to see
  • Captain Cook Birthplace Museum, Marton, Middlesbrough
  • Captain Cook Monument,
  • Captain Cook Schoolroom Museum, Great Ayton
  • Roseberry Topping
  • Wainstones, Hasty Bank

Bilsdale West Moor, situated in the Cleveland Hills, is home to the tall Bilsdale transmitting station, providing 40–50 miles coverage of UHF transmissions for digital TV and radio in the north-east's Tyne Tees region. The digital switchover at Bilsdale was completed in two stages, on 12 and 26 September 2012, one of the last transmitters in England to complete this operation, the others being and Chatton in the same region.


See also
  • List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cleveland
  • List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in North Yorkshire


External links

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